Depression, also known as major depressive disorder, is a common mental health condition that affects how a person feels, thinks, and behaves. It is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest or pleasure in activities that were once enjoyable.

Depression can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, life events, and brain chemistry. Common risk factors for depression include a family history of the condition, stressful life events, medical illnesses, and substance abuse.

Treatment for depression typically involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes. Antidepressant medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), can help improve mood and reduce symptoms of depression. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), can help individuals with depression identify and change negative thought patterns, develop coping strategies.